...5. Interpret arterial blood gases, including compensatory...
...refers to arterial blood, it is called...
...refers to venous blood, it is called...
...dioxide. 3. Venous blood returning to the...
...oxygen-poor because the blood has dropped off...
...use. 4. Venous blood is rich in...
...and pulmonary capillary blood and the systemic...
...the systemic capillary blood and tissues dictate...
...content dissolves in blood. 7. Difference between...
...reversed. The arterial blood is rich in...
...PCO2 in the blood and cells cause...
...1. During rest, blood flows through the...
...high cardiac output, blood flow is faster...
...oxygen in the blood. a) It has...
...or flow of blood into tissues and...
...complex network of blood vessels of varying...
...of gravity on blood are important for...
...gas exchange. 2. Blood has weight and,...
...5 liters of blood flows past, for...
...rest. 13. Because blood is gravity dependent,...
...shunt: not all blood that flows through...
...shunt refers to blood that moves from...
...approximately 2–5% of blood flow. 3. Normal...
...normal flow of blood past completely unventilated...
...unventilated alveoli. 2. Blood flowing by the...
...contents of the blood as it drains...
...system as arterial blood. 2. Beyond the...
...the fully reoxygenated blood mixes with the...
...or relatively unoxygenated blood. 3. The oxygen...
...in the combined blood to establish a...
...which existed in blood affected by shunt...
...the resistance to blood flow in the...
...viscosity of the blood (1) Of these...
...The volume of blood in the pulmonary...
...the volume of blood in the pulmonary...
...an increase in blood flow. (2) When...
...(2) When pulmonary blood flow is low...
...receive so little blood that they collapse....
...This response diverts blood flow to more...
...to return the blood to a normal...
...Alkalosis V. Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs) 1....
...dissolved in arterial blood (3% of total...
...component of red blood cells (normal values...
...oxygen in the blood and is an...
...tissue oxygenation. Arterial Blood Gas 1. ABG...
...oxygen), and a blood temperature of 37°C...
...healthy adults. Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation 1....
...time. 2. Arterial blood gases are most...
...Slide 1 Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs) Slide...
...Slide 4 Arterial Blood Gas Arterial Blood...
...Blood Gas Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation VI....
...or abnormal arterial blood gases. 2. Patient...
...pain, and increased blood pressure and pulse....
...signs include arterial blood pressure, pulse rate...
...access to arterial blood for ABG sampling....
...venous and arterial blood. 4. A sensor...
...oxygen content of blood. b) Acid–base imbalance:...
...or low pulmonary blood flow (3) Color...
...below Paco2. Invasive Blood Gas Monitoring 1....
...advantage of drawing blood, including arterial blood...
...blood, including arterial blood gases from the...
...Slide 6 Invasive Blood Gas Monitoring IX....

...and salts enter blood Salt Glands Reptiles...
...and Cl– from blood into lumen of...
...balance Osmotic balance Blood pressure pH balance...
...- Filtrate of blood formed at glomerulus...
...components of the blood are filtered into...
...cross glomerular wall Blood cells and large...
...Mesangial cells control blood pressure and filtration...
...is isosmotic to blood Most water and...
...up by the blood Figure 10.23 Renal...
...Molecules removed from blood and transported into...
...returned to venous blood Proximal tubule also...
...urine hyperosmotic to blood plasma is due...
...protein concentration in blood Intrinsic Regulators of...
...Renin secreted when blood pressure or GFR...
...a vasoconstrictor Raises blood pressure by ?...
...water) retention Raises blood pressure by ?...
...pressure by ? blood volume Atrial Natriuretic...
...with increase in blood volume ANP increases...
...and consequently lowers blood volume and pressure...
...Fluid taken from blood or coelom Sponges...

...system For example, blood Types of Pumps...
...hearts Contractile chambers Blood enters atrium Blood...
...Blood enters atrium Blood is pumped out...
...generate pressure Pulsating blood vessels Peristalsis Rhythmic...
...vessel wall pumps blood One-way valves help...
...Formed by ultrafiltration Blood Fluid that circulates...
...hearts and some blood vessels Most have...
...hearts and some blood vessels All have...
...over distribution of blood flow in body...
...and annelids Increased blood pressure and flow...
...Increased control of blood distribution Closed systems...
...pressure of the blood Blood flows away...
...of the blood Blood flows away from...
...arterioles within tissues Blood flows from arterioles...
...of molecules between blood and interstitial fluid...
...veins Veins carry blood to the heart...
...the heart Vertebrate Blood Vessels A complex...
...among vessels Vertebrate Blood Vessels Figure 8.10...
...influence on local blood flow and overall...
...flow and overall blood pressure Vein –...
...Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood are completely separate...
...a single ventricle Blood from both atria...
...Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood can mix But...
...separate Ventricle pumps blood into pulmonary and...
...and systemic circuits Blood can be diverted...
...circuits Physics of Blood Flow Law of...
...Like electrical resistors, blood vessels can be...
...8.14 Allows fresh blood to tissues Blood...
...blood to tissues Blood Velocity Flow (Q)...
...per unit time Blood velocity = Q/A...
...Spread of excitation Blood is forced out...
...filling Follows repolarization Blood enters the heart...
...Ostia valves close Blood leaves the heart...
...Ostia valves open Blood is sucked into...
...deoxygenated and oxygenated blood separate? Trabeculae in...
...oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the ventricle...
...unidirectional flow of blood In teleosts, noncontractile...
...heart fills with blood EDV ESV Animation...
...contraction adds little blood to ventricles In...
...suction to pull blood in from veins...
...needed to pump blood through pulmonary circuit...
...pressure protects delicate blood vessels of lung...
...circuits have same blood flow Control of...
...Electrical Signals and Blood Flow Modified cardiomyocytes...
...volume of chambers Blood flow through chambers...
...Closing of valves Blood Flow Through Your...
...(CO) Volume of blood pumped per unit...
...volume Volume of blood pumped with each...
...consequently pump more blood with each beat...
...the amount of blood returning to the...
...8.28 Regulation of Blood Flow Arterioles control...
...Flow Arterioles control blood distribution Because arterioles...
...they can alter blood flow to various...
...and contract when blood pressure increases Acts...
...excessive flow of blood into tissue Intrinsic...
...metabolites alter vasoconstriction/vasodilation Blood flow matched to...
...response to decreased blood pressure causes generalized...
...response to increased blood pressure promotes generalized...
...arteriolar diameter and blood flow. Pressure in...
...Pressure decreases as blood moves through system...
...capillaries) Velocity of blood highest in arteries,...
...Figure 8.34 Moving Blood Back to the...
...to the Heart Blood in veins is...
...assist in moving blood back to the...
...than 60% of blood Vein volume (and...
...8.36 Regulation of Blood Pressure Pressure is...
...driving force for blood flow through organs...
...Homeostatic regulation of Blood Pressure Figure 8.37...
...of many major blood vessels Especially carotid...
...Kidneys Help Maintain Blood Volume ? in...
...Volume ? in blood volume leads to...
...water to adjust blood volume (and pressure)...
...the flow of blood into the heart...
...output and systemic blood pressure change from...
...of 3?? Arteriolar blood pressure forces fluid...
...of Gravity on Blood Pressure Hydrostatic pressure...
...the fluid column Blood flow may be...
...causes pooling of blood in lower body...
...Orthostatic hypotension Low blood pressure upon standing...
...filtration Highly elastic blood vessels that serve...
...?if) Composition of Blood Primarily water, containing...
...and organic solutes Blood cells (hemocytes) Dissolved...
...Proteins involved in blood clotting Blood Proteins...
...in blood clotting Blood Proteins Blood Cells...
...clotting Blood Proteins Blood Cells (Hemocytes) Functions...
...Phagocytosis Immune defense Blood clotting Figure 8.44...
...their development Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) Most...
...abundant cells in blood of vertebrates Contain...
...from 27/02/06 Vertebrate Blood Separates into three...
...Plasma Erythrocytes Other blood cells and clotting...
...– Fraction of blood made up of...
...Figure 8.45 White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) Function...
...Found both in blood and interstitial fluid...
...Key role in blood clotting In mammals,...
...Three steps in blood clotting Vasoconstriction Platelet...
...through coagulation cascade Blood Cell Formation (Hematopoiesis)...
...response to low blood oxygen Stimulates differentiation...
...TPR Patterns of blood flow Retrieved from...

...as shock absorber Blood-brain barrier Tight junctions...
...of solutes from blood into the CSF...
...rate, diameter of blood vessels, blood pressure...
...of blood vessels, blood pressure Contains pathways...
...skin Kidneys Most blood vessels Figure 7.21...

...surface (atmosphere and blood) Internal respiration –...
...at the tissue (blood and tissue) Gas...
...of Medium and Blood Flow Gases enter...
...Gases enter the blood at the respiratory...
...surface Movement of blood through the respiratory...
...in medium and blood as they enter...
...of Medium and Blood Flow With unidirectional...
...unidirectional ventilation, the blood can flow in...
...Flow is unidirectional Blood flow is countercurrent...
...Unidirectional and pulsatile Blood flow is countercurrent...
...of medium and blood are matched Ventilation...
...SA, thin walls Blood flow is crosscurrent...
...unidirectional PO2 of blood leaving lung is...
...of ventilation and blood flow Arterioles dilate...
...constrict to distribute blood to well-ventilated alveoli...
...of gases in blood Oxygen Transport in...
...Transport in the Blood Solubility of oxygen...
...PO2 in the blood remains low and...
...? PO2 of blood ? dissociation of...
...iron Usually within blood cells Appear red...
...respiratory pigment in blood As Po2 increases...
...Transport in the Blood CO2 is transported...
...Buffering of human blood is very effective...
...diffuses out of blood Carbaminohemoglobin releases CO2...
...content of the blood Shape of the...
...buffer H+ Deoxygenated blood can carry more...
...CO2 than oxygenated blood (Haldane effect) Left...
...uptake by the blood at tissues Retrieved...
...carrying capacity of blood Figure 9.37 Chloride...
...in environment or blood Causes Environmental hypoxia...
...ventilation (hypoventilation) Reduced blood hemoglobin content (anemia)...
...in environment or blood Hypocapnia Lower than...
...in environment or blood Fish External and...

...by the mother’s blood supply through the...
...labia engorge with blood and enlarge. During...
...tissue fills with blood from arteries. The...
...to engorge with blood. The engorgement of...
...the penis with blood causes an erection,...
...muscles in the blood vessels of the...
...penis. This allows blood to enter the...
...of tissue with blood, and myotonia, increased...
...level. Testosterone regulates blood levels of GnRH,...
...develop a rich blood supply, preparing the...
...depriving it of blood. Much of the...
...Constriction of small blood vessels in the...
...the endometrium releases blood that is shed...
...for the embryo. Blood from the embryo...
...risk of abnormal blood clotting, high blood...
...blood clotting, high blood pressure, heart attack,...
...the embryo. A blood sample from the...
...A few fetal blood cells leak across...

...circulates in the blood or hemolymph, and...
...dehydration, and low blood glucose levels. They...
...other processes, including blood pressure regulation, nervous...
...transported in the blood to the ovary,...
...the liver, decreased blood flow to the...
...tract, and increased blood flow to major...
...glycogen metabolism. In blood vessels supplying skeletal...
...relaxation and increased blood flow. Intestinal blood...
...blood flow. Intestinal blood vessels express an...
...contraction and restricted blood flow. Lipid-soluble hormones...
...regulator. When the blood oxygen level falls,...
...the walls of blood vessels and improving...
...vessels and improving blood flow to tissues....
...sexual function, increasing blood flow to the...
...the formation of blood clots. This is...
...Secretin travels via blood vessels to target...
...other. Regulation of blood glucose levels provides...
...depends on maintaining blood glucose concentrations near...
...glucose in the blood. When the blood...
...blood. When the blood glucose concentration exceeds...
...concentration. When the blood glucose concentration falls...
...duct. Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by...
...glucose from the blood. Brain cells can...
...Insulin also decreases blood glucose levels by...
...glucose. Glucagon influences blood glucose levels through...
...to restore the blood glucose concentration to...
...who have diabetes, blood glucose levels rise,...
...accumulate in the blood, threatening life by...
...life by lowering blood pH and depleting...
...glucose in the blood exceeds the capacity...
...can manage their blood glucose level with...
...osmolarity of the blood. ADH acts on...
...circulate in the blood and directly stimulate...
...effects that raise blood glucose levels, opposing...
...helps maintain normal blood pressure, heart rate,...
...irritability, and high blood pressure. The most...
...The resulting low blood levels of these...
...and calcitonin balance blood calcium. In addition...
...homeostatic control of blood calcium levels is...
...cells. If the blood Ca2+ level falls...
...tetany. If the blood Ca2+ level rises...
...major role in blood Ca2+ regulation near...
...mL. When the blood Ca2+ concentration falls...
...the level of blood Ca2+ by direct...
...Ca2+ into the blood. In the kidneys,...
...PTH. As the blood Ca2+ level rises,...
...homeostasis. If the blood Ca2+ level rises...
...release into the blood by liver cells,...
...circulate in the blood and can be...
...act to shunt blood away from the...
...to increase the blood supply to the...
...is in modulating blood pressure. Secretion of...
...released into the blood. The synthesis of...
...homeostasis of the blood. Low blood volume...
...the blood. Low blood volume or pressure...
...filtrate, thus raising blood pressure and volume....
...resulting rise in blood ACTH levels can...

...osmolarity of human blood is about 300...
...composition of the blood. The maintenance of...
...salt from the blood, allowing these organisms...
...by the mother’s blood in a mammalian...
...First, body fluid (blood, coelomic fluid, or...
...them to the blood in the capillaries....
...is supplied with blood by a renal...
...25% of the blood exiting the heart....
...and their associated blood vessels. Each nephron...
...Filtration occurs as blood pressure forces fluid...
...fluid from the blood in the glomerulus...
...but not to blood cells or large...
...of solutes in blood plasma. From Bowman’s...
...is supplied with blood by an afferent...
...stepwise processing of blood filtrate. As the...
...homeostasis for osmolarity, blood pressure, and blood...
...blood pressure, and blood volume. The mammalian...
...osmolarity of human blood is about 300...
...ascending vessels carrying blood in opposite directions...
...descending vessel conveys blood toward the inner...
...lost from the blood and NaCl diffuses...
...are reversed as blood flows back toward...
...is hyperosmotic to blood and interstitial fluid...
...water balance, and blood pressure. One important...
...feeds on the blood of large birds...
...then lapping up blood from the wound....
...consuming as much blood as possible when...
...absorbed from a blood meal by excreting...
...osmolarity of the blood and regulate the...
...of ADH. When blood osmolarity rises above...
...volume, and lowers blood osmolarity back toward...
...osmolarity of the blood reduces the activity...
...water has reduced blood osmolarity below the...
...a hangover). Normally, blood osmolarity, ADH release,...
...arteriole that supplies blood to the glomerulus....
...the glomerulus. When blood pressure or blood...
...blood pressure or blood volume in the...
...instance, due to blood loss or reduced...
...angiotensin II increases blood pressure and blood...
...blood pressure and blood volume. Angiotensis II...
...Angiotensis II raises blood pressure by constricting...
...arterioles, thus decreasing blood flow to many...
...water, thus increasing blood volume and pressure....
...hypertension, chronic high blood pressure. Many of...
...II production, lowering blood pressure. In summary,...
...A drop in blood pressure triggers a...
...the rise in blood pressure and volume...
...osmolarity of the blood, as when the...
...diarrhea, for example—reduces blood volume without increasing...
...the fall in blood volume and pressure...
...alone would lower blood Na+ concentration by...
...an increase in blood volume and pressure....
...These actions lower blood pressure and volume....
...and pressure of blood. Lecture Outline for...

...the insect equivalent blood. Some hemocytes can...
...face phagocytic white blood cells (leukocytes). Leukocytes...
...internal defenses. White blood cells recognize and...
...that enter the blood become trapped in...
...30 proteins in blood plasma that circulate...
...that promote more blood flow to the...
...site. Increased local blood supply leads to...
...heat of inflammation. Blood-engorged capillaries leak fluid...
...causing swelling. Enhanced blood flow and vessel...
...and macrophages. Increased blood flow and vessel...
...cells from the blood into the injured...
...rich in white blood cells, dead microbes,...
...number of white blood cells may increase...
...fever and low blood pressure, septic shock...
...exception of red blood cells, all body...
...exception of red blood cells, all body...
...concentrations in the blood serum over time...
...circulate in the blood plasma and lymph....
...potential problems with blood transfusions is an...
...caused by incompatible blood types. In the...
...In the ABO blood groups, an individual...
...with type A blood has A antigens...
...surface of red blood cells. B antigens...
...type B red blood cells. Both A...
...type AB red blood cells. Neither antigen...
...type O red blood cells. A person...
...with type A blood already has antibodies...
...to type B blood. These antibodies arise...
...very similar to blood group antigens. An...
...with type A blood does not make...
...with type A blood receives a transfusion...
...of type B blood, the preexisting anti-B...
...The transfused red blood cells undergo lysis,...
...donated type B blood also act against...
...type A red blood cells. Major histocompatibility...
...permeability of small blood vessels. These inflammatory...
...dilation of peripheral blood vessels, causing a...
...precipitous drop in blood pressure. Death may...
...as semen or blood, from person to...
...detected in a blood test. The frequency...

...network of tiny blood vessels (capillaries). At...
...heart moves oxygen-rich blood from the gills...
...to enter the blood. The circulatory system...
...carries the oxygen-rich blood to all parts...
...no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid,...
...cephalopods, and vertebrates, blood is confined to...
...more hearts pump blood into large vessels...
...diffusion between the blood and the interstitial...
...with their higher blood pressure, are more...
...the cardiovascular system. Blood circulates to and...
...total length of blood vessels in an...
...main kinds of blood vessels. Arteries and...
...which they carry blood, not by the...
...characteristics of the blood they carry. All...
...All arteries carry blood from the heart...
...capillaries. Veins return blood to the heart...
...veins, which carry blood between pairs of...
...portal vein carries blood from capillary beds...
...vessels that convey blood to capillaries. Capillaries...
...capillaries between the blood and the interstitial...
...and number of blood vessels in a...
...chambers that receive blood returning to the...
...chambers that pump blood out of the...
...In fish, the blood passes through the...
...called single circulation. Blood is pumped from...
...that carries oxygenated blood to capillary beds...
...heart. In fish, blood must pass through...
...the heart. When blood flows through a...
...a capillary bed, blood pressure—the motive force...
...substantially. Therefore, oxygen-rich blood leaving the gills...
...heart delivers oxygen-poor blood to the capillary...
...out of the blood. This part of...
...the skin. Oxygen-rich blood enters the second...
...heart pumps this blood into the systemic...
...vigorous flow of blood to the brain,...
...organs because the blood is pumped a...
...of the oxygen-rich blood from the left...
...of the oxygen-poor blood from the right...
...frog shuts off blood flow to the...
...the lungs while blood flow continues to...
...oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood than in amphibians....
...pumps only oxygen-rich blood, while the right...
...handles only oxygen-poor blood. However, a connection...
...the heart allows blood flow to be...
...pulmonary circuit carries blood from the heart...
...right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs...
...pulmonary arteries. As blood flows through capillary...
...unloads CO2. Oxygen-rich blood returns from the...
...Next, the oxygen-rich blood flows to the...
...ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood out to the...
...the systemic circuit. Blood leaves the left...
...aorta, which conveys blood to arteries leading...
...arteries, which supply blood to the heart...
...direction, supplying oxygen-rich blood to arteries leading...
...Within the capillaries, blood gives up much...
...then veins. Oxygen-poor blood from the head,...
...vena cava drains blood from the trunk...
...cavae empty their blood into the right...
...which the oxygen-poor blood flows into the...
...collection chambers for blood returning to the...
...Most of the blood flows into the...
...ventricle, which pumps blood into the systemic...
...chambers fill with blood. The contraction phase...
...the volume of blood pumped per minute,...
...the amount of blood pumped by the...
...total volume of blood in the human...
...backflow and keep blood moving in the...
...valve, which keeps blood from flowing back...
...the recoil of blood against the closed...
...the recoil of blood against the shut...
...a stream of blood squirts backward through...
...the efficiency of blood flow enough to...
...the atria, driving blood into the large...
...exercise. Concept 42.3 Blood pressure and flow...
...and arrangement of blood vessels. Lining the...
...lumen of all blood vessels, including capillaries,...
...minimizes resistance to blood flow. The smooth...
...minimizes resistance to blood flow. Structural differences...
...of a red blood cell. The very...
...strength to accommodate blood pumped rapidly and...
...walls helps maintain blood pressure even when...
...circulating in the blood act on smooth...
...in arteries, controlling blood flow to different...
...thinner-walled veins convey blood back to the...
...velocity and pressure. Blood flows through the...
...muscle contractions squeeze blood in veins. Within...
...valves that allow blood to flow only...
...through pipes affect blood flow and blood...
...blood flow and blood pressure. The observation...
...The observation that blood travels more than...
...Each artery conveys blood to such an...
...the circulatory system. Blood flows at speeds...
...substances between the blood and interstitial fluid...
...to occur. As blood leaves the capillary...
...total cross-sectional area. Blood, like all fluids,...
...of lower pressure. Blood pressure, the hydrostatic...
...hydrostatic force that blood exerts against vessel...
...role in maintaining blood pressure and hence...
...pressure and hence blood flow. In contrast,...
...In contrast, the blood encounters resistance as...
...the heart. Arteriole blood pressure is highest...
...the exit of blood from the arteries,...
...the heart contracts, blood enters the arteries...
...again before enough blood has flowed into...
...during diastole. Before blood has flowed from...
...As a result, blood flows into arterioles...
...continuously. The arterial blood pressure of a...
...these vessels, increasing blood pressure upstream in...
...diameter that causes blood pressure in the...
...output that affect blood pressure. This coordination...
...mechanisms maintains adequate blood flow as the...
...flow of oxygen-rich blood to the muscles...
...output increases, maintaining blood pressure and supporting...
...necessary increase in blood flow. The peptide...
...large land animals, blood pressure is also...
...required to move blood from the heart...
...the brain. If blood flow to the...
...need for additional blood pressure. A giraffe...
...mm Hg—to pump blood to their brains...
...fully raised. Such blood pressures seem unlikely;...
...By the time blood reaches the veins,...
...some movement of blood. More important, the...
...during exercise squeezes blood through the veins....
...veins ensure that blood flows toward the...
...and fill with blood. In rare cases,...
...may have inadequate blood flow. Strenuous exercise...
...substances between the blood and the interstitial...
...body’s capillaries have blood flowing through them....
...other sites, the blood supply varies over...
...over times as blood is diverted. For...
...after a meal, blood supply to the...
...During strenuous exercise, blood is diverted from...
...the distribution of blood in capillary beds....
...the vessel, decreasing blood flow through it...
...arteriole dilates, allowing blood to enter the...
...the flow of blood between arterioles and...
...local chemicals regulate blood flow. For example,...
...This relaxation increases blood flow to bring...
...bring disease-fighting white blood cells to the...
...substances between the blood and the interstitial...
...diffuse between the blood and the interstitial...
...flow driven by blood pressure. Blood pressure...
...by blood pressure. Blood pressure within the...
...of the capillary. Blood cells and most...
...proteins in the blood are too large...
...the capillaries. As blood proceeds along the...
...along the capillary, blood pressure continues to...
...that leaves the blood at the arterial...
...fluid to the blood and aids in...
...Fluids and some blood proteins that leak...
...returned to the blood via the lymphatic...
...filled with white blood cells specialized for...
...asthma. Concept 42.4 Blood components mediate exchange,...
...with open circulation, blood (hemolymph) is not...
...systems of vertebrates, blood is a specialized...
...matrix called plasma. Blood includes cellular elements...
...45% of the blood volume, and transparent,...
...transparent, straw-colored plasma. Blood plasma is about...
...referred to as blood electrolytes. Blood electrolytes...
...as blood electrolytes. Blood electrolytes are important...
...balance of the blood and help buffer...
...help buffer the blood at a pH...
...narrow concentration range. Blood’s plasma proteins have...
...many functions. Collectively, blood’s plasma proteins act...
...contribute to the blood’s viscosity. Some specific...
...lipids in the blood. Other proteins—the immunoglobulins,...
...plug leaks when blood vessels are injured....
...vessels are injured. Blood plasma with such...
...gases, and hormones. Blood plasma and interstitial...
...concentration. Suspended in blood plasma are two...
...of cells: red blood cells, which transport...
...oxygen, and white blood cells, which function...
...oxygen in the blood. Red blood cells,...
...the blood. Red blood cells, or erythrocytes,...
...the most numerous blood cells. Each microliter...
...Each microliter of blood contains 5 to...
...6 million red blood cells. There are...
...25 trillion red blood cells in the...
...5 L of blood. The main function...
...function of red blood cells, oxygen transport,...
...across the red blood cell’s plasma membranes....
...transports oxygen. Red blood cells also lack...
...types of white blood cells, or leukocytes....
...microliter of human blood normally has about...
...fighting infection. White blood cells spend most...
...molecular functions in blood clotting. Blood contains...
...in blood clotting. Blood contains a self-sealing...
...begins when a blood vessel wall is...
...liquid components of blood into a solid...
...factors in the blood normally prevent spontaneous...
...forms within a blood vessel, blocking the...
...the flow of blood. Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and...
...multiple types of blood cells, including myeloid...
...in old red blood cells are incorporated...
...tissues via the blood, controls erythrocyte production....
...erythrocytes. If the blood is delivering more...
...practice, known as blood doping, is banned...
...the heart and blood vessels. The tendency...
...that permit unimpeded blood flow. Damage or...
...not receiving enough blood, especially when the...
...Cholesterol travels in blood plasma mainly in...
...disease. Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a...
...one hypothesis, high blood pressure causes chronic...
...The arrangement of blood capillaries in fish...
...of gas exchange. Blood flows in the...
...the gills. As blood enters a gill...
...PO2 than incoming blood, and oxygen is...
...from water to blood. As blood moves...
...to blood. As blood moves over the...
...from water to blood along the length...
...preterm infants. White blood cells patrol the...
...level of the blood and regulates breathing...
...pH of the blood and cerebrospinal fluid...
...concentrations in the blood usually have little...
...the amount of blood flowing through alveolar...
...CO2 removal as blood flows through the...
...and transport gases. Blood arriving at the...
...the alveoli. As blood enters the alveolar...
...diffuses from the blood to the air...
...surface into the blood. By the time...
...the time the blood leaves the lungs...
...out of the blood and CO2 into...
...CO2 into the blood. Cellular respiration removes...
...diffusion. After the blood unloads O2 and...
...a liter of blood in the lungs....
...555 L of blood per minute! In...
...circulate with the blood or hemolymph. The...
...oxygen that the blood can carry to...
...per liter of blood. For our exercising...
...12.5 L of blood per minute to...
...which colors the blood bluish. The respiratory...
...of oxygen the blood unloads. As in...
...assists in buffering blood pH. About 7%...
...diffuses into the blood plasma and then...
...the change in blood pH. The HCO3–...
...the plasma. As blood flows through the...
...out of the blood shifts the chemical...
...mostly in the blood and muscles. About...
...is in our blood. In contrast, the...
...70% in the blood. The seal has...
...the volume of blood per kilogram of...
...dive, and most blood is routed to...
...pregnant seals). Their blood supply to the...